Every single day across the United States veterinarians see hundreds of horses stricken with the painful disease, laminitis- an illness that affects the feet of our beloved horses. The sad news is that many cases of laminitis are completely preventable; it appears that many of us may be killing our horses with what we consider to be kindness. A common cause of laminitis is overeating, which frequently results in insulin resistance in horses, culminating in laminitis for some.
Educating ourselves on the signs, causes, and treatments of laminitis may help us reduce the risk factors for our horses or control the long term effects if it has already occurred.
Laminitis Definition
Laminitis interferes with horse health by disrupting blood flow to the sensitive and insensitive laminae. These structures in the foot keep the hoof wall and coffin bone secure. An inflammation can weaken the laminae and interfere with the bond between bone and wall. In the severest of cases, these areas can separate completely. In that situation, the coffin bone can rotate within the foot, move downward, and penetrate the sole. Although, capable of affecting one or all of a horse’s feet, it usually occurs in the front feet concurrently. Although many people use the words “laminitis” and “founder” interchangeably, founder generally is used to describe a chronic problem.
Laminitis Causes
Although laminitis is a disease which strikes the feet, it is generally the result of a disturbance in another part of the horse’s body. While the exact reasons why the feet are damaged are unknown, the causes can include the following:
- Improper horse nutrition like a sudden dietary change or excessive grain or horse treats.
- The sudden introduction of lush forages that the horse’s gut is unaccustomed to. This is referred to as “grass founder.”
- A foot concussion. This is referred to as “road founder.”
- An established foot disease or disorder.
- A high fever, particularly Potomac Horse Fever.
- Black walnut shavings used in bedding.
- Improper removal of placenta in a mare that has recently foaled.
- Excessive weight bearing on one leg resulting from an injury of another.
- Toxins released in the horse’s body.
- Equine colic.
Signs of laminitis
- A hesitant or reluctant gait.
- Painful reaction when hoof testers apply pressure to the toe region.
- A “sawhorse stance.”
- Walking in circles or shifting feet when standing.
- Rapid digital pulse.
- Heat in the foot.
Treatment and management of laminitis
The sooner treatment for the disease is begun the better the odds are that your horse will make a full recovery. It is worth noting that horses that have had laminitis before are inclined to have recurrences in the future. The problem can be chronic, as cases of the coffin bone rotating within the foot can result in laminae that never go on to regain the same strength they had originally. Treatment for laminitis will vary according to horse, but generally will include the following:
- Dietary restrictions. Horse grain and pasture may be restricted by your veterinarian.
- Stabling the horse on soft ground to reduce pressure on the laminae.
- Draining out any abscesses that may develop around the hoof.
- Mineral oil may be administered through a nasogastric tube.
- Fluids may be pushed if the horse becomes dehydrated.
- Antibiotics may be prescribed to fight infection. Anticoagulants are also frequently used to improve the foot’s blood flow.
Some horses that are afflicted with laminitis can go on to make a full recovery and live out full and useful lives with no problems. Others may find that their cases become chronic and must be euthanized for humane reasons. As with many other diseases, the best way to deal with laminitis is to prevent it from ever occurring. If you want to introduce lush pasture to your horse, do it gradually. Keep horse grain securely stored out of reach. Assist your horse in maintaining a healthy weight through proper diet and exercise, and use organic horse feed if it’s possible. If your horse is under stress or ill, keep an eye on him as this can be the precursor to laminitis. Above all, practice quality hoof care and provide your horse with access to quality, routine health care. If you see any symptoms of laminitis, contact your veterinarian immediately, as early diagnosis and treatment is crucial to reduce the debilitating effects of laminitis or founder.





